Notes on types of radiation

	Radiation Type	Description	Features	QCD Nexus
©Quantonics, Inc., 2004-2019, by Doug Renselle
1.	Alpha	Spontaneous radioactive nuclear emission of a proton and possibly a whole nucleus which, for example, may look like a helium nucleus. Nuclear positive charge is always involved. Typically "alpha radiation" means more explicitly "helium nuclear" radiation. Provenance of this phrase originates in Rutherford's discovery of atomic nuclei using "alpha radiation" to 'hit Au nuclei.' Please refer The Quantum Universe by Hey and Walter and CRC's Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.	Radiation, of type alpha, may be thought of as QCD phenomena involving a parent nucleus before and after radiative 'decay.' Decay is loss of sub nuclear material (including both protons and neutrons). Helium nuclear alpha radiation is loss of a helium nucleus... (net two positronic charge as absence-loss of a 'normal' helium atom's two electrons; we have to worry here about classical notions vis-à-vis quantum memeos of 'absence' and 'partial absence' of two helium atom's electrons and complementarily retention of four nucleons as 'presence' and 'partial presence' of a helium atom; see partiality and enthymemetics) ...via radiative decay of a larger, heavier, more massive nucleus. Alpha radiative decay may be used to induce neutron radiation from any nucleus of any atom. As alpha 'rays,' protons, and atomic nuclei, apparently due their electric charge, travel only tiny distances through densest materials. Alpha (...'particle,' aka 'ray,' etc.) radiation is a helium atom nucleus (helium: four nucleons, two neutrons, two protons; a natural positively charged tetrahedral morphism) which has lost both of its electrons. Alpha radiation is fermionic. Implicit: fermions as waves! A quantum tell. A very important issue since it means alpha radiation can be lensed, reflected, refracted, coherently superposed (nucleonic lasing), decoherently superposed (begging a classically disputed notion of transmutation), split, diffracted, combed, SAWed, tuned, modulated, and countless other heretofore perhaps unconsidered quantum~potentia. We suppose this paragraph to apply, almost generally, to other types of quantum radiation too. Doug - 4Jan2007.	Quantonics' hermeneuted QCD is our quantum modality of description. We remediate QCD so that its quarks and gluons may be thought of directly and foundationally as quantons. Remediated QCD then becomes our new way of think~king about quantum nucleic morphism, transmutation, and emerscitecture, emerscibility, emerscence, and emerscenture of quantum products. Doug - 4Jan2007. Quantum reality is absurd to most classicists! To Doug classical reality is what is absurd, and too classicists who adhere it. Classicists are dialectical materialists: gnostic topos' bottom dwellers referred 'hylics.' Essentially dunces, idiots, dummkopfs. Doug likes to call them "troglodytes," and envisages them somewhat as they appeared in that yummy movie Quest for Fire. To classicists material reality is all there is. Newton was such a person. Einstein, believe it or not, another. Both worshiped "objective reality." That may give you some idea of global predominance of such truepers. In 10-15 generations they will be extinct! Their ideas and methods of thing-king, except for legacy texts, will be extinct. Why? QTMs and their quantum~metaphors shall replace them. Radiation is a clue that what Doug just wrote is dead-on. Radiation partially uncloaks Platt Holden's [quantum] "Edge of now[ings]." QCD is a novel quantum science which straddles quantum n¤nactuality and quantum actuality. In a way, we can QTM QCD as our quanton's comma~n¤space! Like this, quanton(n¤nactuality,actuality). QCD is a quantum derivative of a more classical QED. See our Quantonics Acronyms page. What does Quantonics intend by that comma~n¤space? I.e., as regards QCD? QCD describes ontology to~from isoflux~flux. QCD describes comma~n¤space ihn quanton(is¤flux,flux). We can show it in text, weakly, like this (Wingdings font required for right arrows): If following table doesn't have wingdings font arrows in it, click on Doug's Quark GIF to see how we intend our Quantonics' Version of a QCD Quantum Reality Table to appear. Later versions of Firefox (3+), Safari, etc. n¤ longer use eight-bit wingdings and symbol fonts. Doug - 13Oct2008. See our Quanton Complementary nterrelationships page. See our Quantum TBCSUD Gen III Reality Loop. Doug's Quark Emerscitected with Fuzzons. It is easy to visually grasp essence of quantum~mutation, ~transmutation, ~evolution, ~emerscence, ~emerscenture here. We show quantum~reality's creatio ex nihilo aperio. "Creation from isoflux laid bare." In QELR, it becomes quantum~lite~real! Almost 'literal.' If you are a student of Quantonics, you plausibly are asking, "Doug, how does nature do that?" Great question! Well, in Quantonics' metaphor of what is happening, isoflux is transmuted into flux. That is a simple memeo. But if humans were to try to do that, it becomes quasi~apparently impossible. Why? Most humans 'thingk' classically. They do not believe in quantum flux to begin with. However, if we learn to believe in flux, our 'quasi-apparently' becomes 'less impossible.' Here is Quantonics' modal of isoflux becoming bosonic (intermediate step to) fermionic (via a Higgs boson turning two bosons (actually gluons) into a quark (a primitive fermion). Again, "But what is nature doing?" Assuming Quantonics' modal of isoflux as contrarotating (self~canceling) is correct, then nature undoes isoflux' contrarotation, selectively. Higgs says that a very powerful boson is required to make it happen. Further, isoflux is ubiquitously compenetrating all reality, so its abundance~and~presence is ~unlimited (from any human perspective, it is unlimited...isoflux isn't like oil...isoflux never runs out...). What must be done is find ways and means to coerce Higgs bosons (or whatever their real metaphor is) to appear at our bidding, and transmute whatever we need at our bidding. Now, that's a tall order, but we know by direct experience, empirically and via empiritheory, that nature does it routinely. Almost anything that nature has shown us she can do routinely, to Doug, is an indicator that nature wants us to learn how to do it too (fundamentalist hylics and — see our topos table — some psychics certainly do not agree with Doug on this major 'reality issue,' and as a result they do not believe in evolution either...however, quantumly, we grasp a quantum~essential that quantum~G¤d's modality of creation is quantum~evolution). Parabolically, Adam and Eve didn't know how to copulate, but that doesn't mean quantum~G¤d didn't want them to do (pragma) it. Here are more memes and memeos on an approach to making energy. Doug - 28Apr2008 Add modal link: 16May2008. Add thingk and quantum~essential links: 2Mar2009. Our table shows evolution from left to right. It is partially reversible! We do not show that in our table, but our Gen III Reality Loop shows it very macroscopically. Doug - 4Jan2007.
2.	Beta	Spontaneous radioactive electron emission of high energy electrons. A single instance description is that one atom's nucleus emits an electron. Loss of that electron transmutes a neutron into a proton. Atom's nucleus charge increases corresponding to loss of an electron.	In some isotopes (special atomic forms of elements) W, AKA a weak 'force' carrier, interrelates with a quark. E.g., W can interrelate with a neutron's down quark and turn it into an up quark, resulting in emission of a "high energy" electron and an electron antineutrino. Said interrelationship turns said neutron into a proton. Fermionic.	We can show that quantum evolutionary quark transmutation process using Quantonics' scripts like this: quark+uquanton(quark-d,-quanton(e,anti_e_neutrino)). Our quantonics script uses a double subscripted minus to show our comma~no~space~minus as a quantum included~middle version of a more classical W- 'weak force particle' notion. We also show u and d electric charge signs as a reminder that d, s, b quarks are -1/3e, and that u, c, t quarks are +2/3e. (This is not habitual for us yet, and we need a crutch. We assume our students may appreciate a crutch here too. Similarly our comma~no~space~minus. Up to down evolution is predominately, we infer, a W- mediated process.) Our above example turns a neutron(u,d,d) into a proton(u,d,u). Only that last quark in our neutron's nuclear triple~quark codon changes as scripted above, and it physially becomes a proton: protonquanton(neutron,-quanton(e,anti_e_neutrino)). This is a superb exemplar of quantum emergent change.
3.	Gamma	Spontaneous radioactive photon emission of high energy photons. An excited, tentatively higher energy atom, loses its excess energy via photon emission. An electron in a higher energy 'shell' falls to a lower energy 'shell' releasing a appropriately high energy photon. Atom's nucleus remains unchanged.	Similar to Beta radiation, but considering electrons instead of quarks, an electron can be turned into its anti electron. When that transmutation occurs, a high energy Gamma photon emits from that transmutation's 'vertex.' Fermionic and bosonic.	Gamma radiation falls under QED, since it is not radiation involving atomic nuclei.
4.	Neutron	Induced neutron emission of high energy neutrons.	Travels great distances through densest materials without apparent 'resistance. Oscillating fermionicity and bosonicity facilitates "quantum tunneling."	Neutron is Quantonics' first candidate for demonstrating fuzzons as quarks in a thirds-symmetric sphere volume. We actually accomplished this expectation during mid-late 2004 and subsequently. See our 3D Fuzzon and our Fuzzon to Fermion Ontology pages. These types of neutrons are very interesting in Quantonics due their abilities to penetrate other types of matter. We need to study more here, but in their high energy conditions they almost appear solitonic. Were that so, it has enormous ramifications for current interpretations of QCD. Neutron radiation is used today, at start of Millennium III, to, apparently passively, detect illegal shipment and storage of dangerous and toxic materials. All elements in extraordinarily tiny amounts can be detected and exposed rather quickly.
©Quantonics, Inc., 2004-2019, by Doug Renselle
	'Force' Type	Description	Features	QCD Nexus
1.	Strong	Interrelates with nuclear quantons and mediates nuclear quanton bindings. Nuclear strong~affective quantons include: protons, and neutrons
2.	Weak	Interrelates with nuclear quantons and mediates nuclear quanton ontologies. Nuclear weak~affective quantons include: quarks, gluons, mesons, and neutrinos, etc.	Weak 'force' mediates subatomic process mutations and quantonic ontologies. Beta radiation is a result of weak 'force' subatomic mediation. Weak 'force' affects and mediates all subatomic quantons and their process ontologies. Where quarks are affected by both weak and other 'forces,' weak 'force' uniquely affects neutrinos. Weak 'force' mediates affector~emergent, affector~mutative, and affector~demergent subatomic process ontologies. Weak 'force' mediates creation, change, and discreation of fermionic reality. Strong, electromagnetic, and gravity 'forces' appear to adhere charge and parity symmetry. Weak 'force' apparently adheres neither charge nor parity symmetry. Latter means expectation of dichon(-, +), i.e., charge symmetry, and dichon(right_handed, left_handed), i.e., parity symmetry. Chiralty is a term we use for quantization of handedness. Matter normally is left-handed. What physicists call antimatter is right-handed. Weak force asymmetrically prefers and Values only left-handedness. Nature is left-handed! (For a superatomic physical example here, ponder Nutrasweet as macroatomically right-handed.) Beta radiation emits electrons with specific, preferred, Valued handedness which breaks dichotomous symmetry. Weak 'force' and its asymmetric preferences create fermions (and we are assuming bosons too) via affective quantum processes.	In Quantonics, classical notions of weak 'force' evolve into memeos of quantonic animate, everywhere~included-middle~associative ontologies. Classicists assumed that ideal reality is a dichon(antimatter, matter). Quantum reality's weak meditating~interrelationship destroyed that notion. Classicists still believe in an antimatter-matter dichotomy with a 'weak force' caveat which allows a small excess of matter which they call "classical reality." In Quantonics, asymmetry is implicit and intrinsic. Symmetry is only a classical self-delusion. Quantum reality is a quanton(nonactuality,actuality). Nonactuality is virtually unbounded isotropic (self-canceling) energy, and actuality is part of that energy which has become quantum~weak~interrelationship emersced. Our comma~nospace represents Quantonics' "edge of actuality," which classicists refer "the weak 'force.'" Students of Quantonics may now be able to see how classicists' own research on their weak 'force' notions is already beginning "to tear down that SOM wall." Classical notions of 'force' are residue of dialectical mechanics and ill-presumed cause-effect. Quantonics replaces classical notions of 'force' with quantum notions of animate EIMA process interrelationships.
3.	Electromagnetic	Interrelates with atomic quantons and mediates electromagnetic quanton bindings. Atomic electromagnetic~affective quantons include: atoms, and electrons
4.	Gravity	Interrelates with macrocosmic quantons and mediates macrocosmic quanton bindings. Macrocosmic gravity~affective quantons include: multiverses, galaxies, and planets, etc.
©Quantonics, Inc., 2004-2019, by Doug Renselle
	Quanton Type	Description	Features	QCD Nexus
1.	Quark	Category: Fermion Flavors: up, charm, top (UCT) and down, strange, bottom (DSB). Charge colors (arbitrary, only semiotic): R, G, B. Electric charge: +UCT are +2/3e; -DSB are -1/3e. UD form fermionic atomic nuclei (protons and neutrons) via weak force transmutations (what we call in quantonics "quantum ontologies"). Quarks together with 'Higgs bosons' and 'weak force' charge-parity asymmetry essentially make quantum fermionic emergence, evolution (e.g., radiation, etc.), and demergence possible. Latter is, in Quantonics, perceived as a classical metaphor of quantum reality's animate, EIMA. Flavors, mass, and their proportions compose that which is of interest in 'particle' accelerators and their 'particle collisions.' In Quantonics, classical use of 'particle' is a dialectically objective misnomer which will acquire bættær, n¤vel hærmænæutihcs amd mæmæ¤tihcs during early decades of Millennium III.
2.	Gluon	Category: Boson In QED a gluon represents "virtuality."
3.	Proton	Category: Baryon Nuclear quanton(up,quanton(up,down)) where we can view our quantonic comma~no~spaces as gluons. Color: protonquanton(R,quanton(G,B)), thus any proton's color is neutral. Charge, classically, is +2/3e+2/3e-1/3e = +1e. Notice that 1, 2, and 3 are prime amd primæ. Also note that fermionic spin 1/2 uses two of those primes and is quantum essence of fermionic 360~720 degree wobble and what we classically call "matter, substance, objects, particles, and material." That quantum memeo is crucial to understanding how fermions emerge into actuality affected by what classicists call "the weak force" and "Higgs bosons." Though classicists will rigorously deny this, protons are quintessentially perpetual motion machines.
4.	Neutron	Category: Baryon Nuclear quanton(down,quanton(down,up)) where we can view our quantonic comma~no~spaces as gluons. Charge, classically, is -1/3e-1/3e+2/3e = no_charge. Though classicists will rigorously deny this, neutrons which partially compose an atomic nucleus are quintessentially perpetual motion machines. Free neutrons are unstable and transmute, via a weak down to up quark change, in roughly15 minutes, into a proton, electron (lepton), and an electron anti neutrino (anti lepton). See Neutron Radiation above for a similar process. Doug originally copied 'proton' text above to here to use as a template, but failed to change all of neutron relevant text. Doug - 20Sep2008.
5.	Meson	Category: Hadron
6.	Baryon	Category: Hadron Baryons include: Proton Neutron Lambda Omega Sigma Xi
7.	Hadron	Category: Heavy Fermion Hadrons exclude: Lepton Hadrons include: Baryon Meson
7.	Fermion	Category: Material Actuality Fermions include: Hadrons Leptons
8.	Boson	Category: Nonmaterial Actuality Bosons include: Photon W Z Condensates Partial solitons Cooper paired electrons Contrarotating fermions Zero spin phenomena
9.	W	Category: Boson
10.	Z	Category: Boson
11.	Lepton	Category: Light Fermion Leptons include: Electron Muon Tau Electron neutrino Muon neutrino Tau neutrino
12.	Electron	Category: Lepton
13.	Muon	Category: Lepton
14.	Tau	Category: Lepton
©Quantonics, Inc., 2004-2019, by Doug Renselle